Objectives: To assess the degree of correction in superior oblique over action in A pattern strabismus, atypical Brown's syndrome, and monocular elevation deficiency syndrome by the GRADUATED superior oblique RECESSION.Methods: This interventional case series comprised 10 patients (12 eyes) with an indication for superior oblique weakening. According to the grade of muscle over action, forced duction test result, A-pattern and in torsion, and via a superior temporal approach the superior oblique tendon was transposed 10-12 mm posterior to the limbos and 1-4 mm medial to the insertion of the superior rectos. The patients were followed up for at least 6 weeks post operation. Results: Ten patients aged 6-22 years (6 females and 4 males) underwent the operation. The A-pattern was corrected 94%. The over action, vertical deviation and the forced duction test were reduced by less than half in cases of atypical Brown's and monocular elevation deficiency syndromes. The improvement was significant in the 2 cases of DVD with an overacting superior oblique. Conclusion: The GRADUATED RECESSION of the superior oblique is an appropriate procedure for weakening the muscle and is adjustable to the grade of muscle over action, A-pattern and in torsion.

Propose: To evaluate the effect of lateral rectus muscle RECESSION with and without intermascular septum dissection on palpebral fissure height.Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 15 patients (10 patients with bilateral and 5 patients with unilateral procedure) and 26 eyes of 19 patients (7 patients with bilateral and 12 patients with unilateral procedure) were assigned to lateral rectus muscle RECESSION ' with' or ' without' intermuscular septum dissection, respectively. The palpebral fissure height was measured preoperatively and three months postoperatively and compared between the study groups.Results: Compared to preoperative values, a significant increase in palpebral fissure height was observed in both groups 3 months postoperatively (Paired T-test; p<0.001). Group analysis revealed that widening of palpebral fissure height was significantly lower when intermuscular septum dissection was performed intraoperatively (ANCOVA test; P<0.001).Conclusion: Intermuscular septum dissection is recommended during lateral rectus muscle RECESSION to decrease undesirable widening of palpebral fissure width.

Gingival RECESSION as a periodontal defect which is found in all human societies and among all ages has attracted the attention of many scholars and researchers. Gingival RECESSION and the subsequent root denudation can cause problems such as: improper appearance, reduction of the ability of the patient in keeping the area clean and increase of inflammation, increase of caries risk, abrasion of root and increase in dental hypersensitivity. As full knowledge of every problem is necessary in order to face it, the present writing tries to study the prevalence and incidence, causes, prevention methods, problems resulting from continuation of the defect and classification of different types of RECESSION and there by give a rather complete analysis of the gingival RECESSION.

The purpose of this research is to provide a marketing model in RECESSION conditions. The results of this study indicate the extraction of 6 main dimensions and 21 pivotal components which are in the form of a paradigm model including marketing proportional to RECESSION conditions as a pivotal category and causal conditions (payments and bonuses during RECESSION, economic and competitive situation during RECESSION, rapid environmental changes during RECESSION period and internal and external environmental conditions), underlying factors (the company's position in the market during RECESSION, customer recognition and needs). They were in RECESSION, creativity in marketing during the RECESSION and marketing mix during the RECESSION), interventionist conditions (increasing market share during the RECESSION period, financial and human factors during the RECESSION period, distribution channels and marketing network during the RECESSION), strategies (differentiation strategy, cost strategy, contraction strategy and development strategy) and outcomes (continuation of customer relationship during RECESSION, development of skills and creativity of enterprises and proper use of resources in the period stagnation) has been achieved.

The reported earnings quality is particularly important for investors. Investors are willing to estimate their investments' future benefits in order to find their future cash interests and stock value. Generally, a RECESSION may be defined as an interruption in normal operation of financial markets. This research investigates the effects of RECESSION in Iran on the earnings quality of firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. If the firm's financial information is related to the RECESSION period, two valued variables of unemployment and economic growth are used and the impact of these variables on earnings quality is measured. In order to measure earnings quality, this study uses the absolute amount of arbitrary accruals. The sample consists of 162 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2006 to 2015. To test the hypothesis, multivariate regression analysis method and panel data model are used. Results show that RECESSION makes a drop in earnings quality of firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange.

In recent decades, entrepreneurship, have been raised at the level of higher education and the need for entrepreneurial graduates, to promote Sustainable development of educational programs, in the community has increased. Entrepreneurial orientation status of university students, as a potential source of entrepreneurship, is the issue of this research. This study used "assessing Entrepreneurial characteristic" questionnaires which were distributed among 120 Students of Shahid Beheshti University Faculty of Management and Accounting. The final results of the study indicated the significant effect of backgrounds and fields of study on entrepreneurial characteristic.